Streetlight Design Manual

General Purpose of the Design Manual:

Last Revised 2/1/23
This Streetlight Design Manual has been written to serve as a general guideline when designing a streetlighting system for the City of Overland Park, Kansas. Although there are specific design requirements, the guidelines contained herein should not be a substitute for proper engineering design and judgment based on specific project situations. The purpose of this Streetlight Design Manual is to aid consultants as well as City of Overland Park staff to be consistent in the practice of designing streetlighting plans. It provides an overview of the design criteria to be used in the design; streetlighting installation determination; design considerations to take into account; explanation of the approved streetlighting equipment that is to be used; what information should be included on the plan sheets; and how to compute the quantities. Any questions regarding this manual may be directed to Bruce Wacker, P.E., Assistant City Traffic Engineer at the City of Overland Park, Kansas at (913) 895-6027 or by email at [email protected].

Purpose of Streetlighting:

The principal purpose of lighting is to provide improved visibility for the street users so they can make quick, accurate and safe decisions. Street users include vehicle operators, bicycle and motorcycle operators and pedestrians. Light that falls on pedestrian walkways enhances pedestrian traffic, but the streetlighting criterion does not mandate specific lighting levels on sidewalks, bike paths or other pedestrian paths. The Planning and Development Services Department has separate criteria for the lighting of pedestrian facilities and should be consulted. This document does however, mandate specific lighting levels at the conflict points of pedestrians and vehicles, such as at intersection crossing points.

Reference to Other Documents:

Wherever applicable, this design manual should be used in conjunction with the Roadway Lighting ANSI/IES RP-8-14 by the Illuminating Engineering Society, as herein modified and the National Electric Code by the National Fire Protection Association. The current editions of the City of Overland Park Streetlighting Resolution No. 4036, Design and Construction Standards, Volume 1 Design Criteria (latest edition), Design and Construction Standards, Volume 2 Construction Specifications (latest edition), the latest edition of the Standard Details and the Approved Materials List, hereafter referred to as “City Standards” should be followed during the design of any streetlighting project.

Public or Private Ownership, Operation and Maintenance:

Different policies apply to streetlighting systems based on the final ownership, operation and maintenance of the system. The two types of systems are:

1. Those that are installed in the public right-of-way that will be owned, operated and maintained by the City of Overland Park and
2. Privately owned streetlighting systems that are installed in the public right-of-way that will not be owned, operated and maintained by the City of Overland Park.

Although each of the systems will be discussed, the design guidelines contained herein only apply to systems that are within the public right-of-way that are owned, operated and maintained by the City of Overland Park.

     City-Owned, Operated and Maintained Lighting Systems:

All City-owned, operated and maintained lighting systems shall be designed in accordance with the design criteria listed herein and use all pre-approved materials from the City's Approved Materials List. All lighting systems that are being designed in conjunction with the development of any public street or any developments that require modification of any streetlighting system within the public right-of-way by private consultants working for a developer are required to meet City Standards if the City will assume all ownership, operation and maintenance responsibilities after final acceptance of the project.

     Privately Owned, Operated and Maintained Lighting Systems:

All lighting systems within the public right-of-way that have been designated “privately owned” are not required to be constructed using City approved materials. However, the lighting system shall still be designed in accordance with the design criteria listed herein for average maintained light levels and uniformity ratios for the specific functional roadway classification and pedestrian conflict area classification and be constructed in accordance with the National Electric Code, current edition to ensure safe operation.

All proposals for privately owned, operated and maintained lighting systems shall be pre-approved by the Overland Park City Council prior to final plan approval and execution and recording of the City standard maintenance agreement with the Johnson County Records and Tax Administration. If at any time, the homes association or other political subdivision requests the City to assume ownership of the lighting system, the streetlighting maintenance agreement establishes specific items that would need to be addressed before the request would be considered. One requirement is that the current streetlighting system would be have to be replaced with equipment meeting the current City Standards at the sole cost of the current owner.

Privately owned streetlighting systems shall not be permitted to connect to any City-owned streetlighting system, whether it is poles, control centers, cable, junction boxes, etc. unless otherwise stipulated in the maintenance agreement.

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General Purpose:

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Design Criteria:

The following section addresses the design criteria used for streetlighting in the City of Overland Park. There are three types of streetlighting design that are considered:

1. Continuous lighting
2. Partial lighting, and
3. Safety lighting.

Continuous Lighting:

Continuous lighting is defined as streetlighting that is designed to provide specific average maintained light levels and uniformity ratios between adjacent poles in accordance with the functional classification of the street and the corresponding pedestrian conflict area classification. Continuous lighting design shall be required for:

1. All collector streets
2. All thoroughfare streets with four or more lanes
3. All interim or ultimate two-lane thoroughfares with average two-way night-time traffic volumes of greater than 3,000 vehicles, where night-time is defined as the period from 6:00 PM to 6:00 AM

Interim or ultimate two-lane thoroughfares are those streets located in the southern portion of the city that were part of the adopted South Overland Park Transportation Plan.

Interim or ultimate two-lane thoroughfares with average two-way night-time traffic volumes of less than 3,000 vehicles are not required to have continuous streetlighting unless unique situations exist such as adjacent school facilities, etc. Any legacy streetlighting systems already in place on unimproved throughfares will not be upgraded until the thoroughfare is improved.

The following streetlighting design criteria will be used for continuous streetlighting on city streets, as identified on the latest edition of the City of Overland Park “Official Street Map”, and the “Future Development Plan” available from the Planning and Development Services Department.

     Functional Street Classifications:

The functional street classifications are defined on the “Official Street Map”.

The “thoroughfare” street classification includes all thoroughfare streets whether divided or undivided; whether improved or unimproved; and whether two-lane, four-lane or six-lane excluding auxiliary left and right turn lanes.

The “collector” street classification includes all super-collector streets, residential collector streets, apartment streets, commercial streets and industrial streets regardless of the number of lanes; whether improved or unimproved.

     Pedestrian Conflict Area:

The “high” pedestrian conflict area includes areas where significant numbers of pedestrians are expected to be on the sidewalks or crossing the streets during darkness. These are typically areas that are in the “Nonresidential Category” zoned for “commercial” or “mixed-use” such as retail areas, near theaters, or major pedestrian generators. All interchanges Shall be lit to "high" pedestrian conflict area criteria.

The “medium” pedestrian conflict area includes areas such as libraries, apartments, neighborhood shopping and schools which would be considered in the “Nonresidential Category” and zoned as either "office", "hotels and motels", "light industrial", "industrial", “public and semipublic” or in the “Residential Category” that would be zoned as either “high-density”, “medium-high density” or “medium-density”. Review the "low" pedestrian conflict area if the property contains a religious facility.

The “low” pedestrian conflict area includes areas in the “Residential Category” zoned as “low-density” such as single family residential housing or duplexes. The “low” pedestrian conflict area also includes areas in the “Nonresidential Category” zoned “public and semipublic” which contain religious facilities without primary or secondary schools on the property.

     Luminance Criteria:

The maintained averages for luminance, as listed in Table 1, shall be met or exceeded for all continuous lighting designs. The corresponding uniformity ratios and/or veiling luminance ratios shall be equal to or better than those listed in the following table for luminance.
NOTE: The average luminance value shall be obtained by taking the average of individual luminance values at points across the entire number of lanes on the roadway regardless of the direction of traffic. Medians shall be excluded from these calculations.

Table 1: Luminance Criteria

Street and Pedestrian Conflict Area		Luminance Criteria
Functional Street Classification	Pedestrian Conflict Area	Maintained Average (Lavg) (cd/m2)	Uniformity Ratio (Lavg:Lmin) (Max Allowable)	Uniformity Ratio (Lmax:Lmin) (Max Allowable)	Veiling Luminance Ratio (LVmax:Lavg) (Max Allowable)
Thoroughfare	High	1.2	3.0:1	5.0:1	0.3:1
	Medium	0.9	3.0:1	5.0:1	0.3:1
	Low	0.6	3.5:1	6.0:1	0.3:1
Collector	High	0.8	3.0:1	5.0:1	0.4:1
	Medium	0.6	3.5:1	6.0:1	0.4:1
	Low	0.4	4.0:1	8.0:1	0.4:1

Partial Lighting

Partial lighting is defined as lighting in intersections, at points of potential conflict, of roadways without continuous lighting. This type of lighting is an interim step between safety lighting and continuous lighting that is used when traffic on roadways and intersections are at sufficiently low night-time average daily traffic volumes. In general, this type of lighting is used at the intersections of collector and residential streets with thoroughfares that have lower volumes and minimal commercial development.

The average maintained illuminance in the intersection shall conform to the values listed in Table 2 below based on the functional street classification and the pavement classification. The intersecting street with highest street classification that provides the highest light level should be used. For example, at an intersection between a thoroughfare street and a collector street, use the criteria for thoroughfare streets. The intersection lighting grid for partial lighting at intersections without continuously lighted streets should include the area between the radius points of all intersecting streets. (See Figure Below). Point spacing for calculating illuminance within the intersection lighting grid should be 5-foot maximum. Luminaire arms should be oriented perpendicular to the street centerlines and not angled toward the center of the intersection.

     Pavement Classification:

The directional surface reflectance characteristics of the pavement should be considered prior to running calculations for streetlighting. The pavement classification is based on the specularity of the pavement and a scaling factor as determined by the overall "lightness" of the pavement. For asphalt road surfaces, the pavement classification should be R2. For concrete pavement surfaces, the pavement classification should be R1.

Table 2: Average Maintained Illuminance Criteria for Partial Lighting at Intersections

Functional Street Classification	Pavement Classification, (Lux) / (Fc)*			Uniformity Ratio (Eavg:Emin (Max Allowable)
	R1	R2 & R3	R4
Thoroughfare	6.0 / 0.6	9.0 / 0.9	8.0 / 0.8	3.0:1
Collector	4.0 / 0.4	6.0 / 0.6	5.0 / 0.5	4.0:1
Local	3.0 / 0.3	4.0 / 0.4	4.0 / 0.4	6.0:1

^*The street classification with the highest light level should be used.

Conflict Area

Safety Lighting:

Safety lighting is defined as lighting that does not provide specific maintained light averages and uniformity ratios between adjacent poles in accordance with the functional classification of the street and corresponding pedestrian conflict area classification. The purpose of this type of lighting design is to provide enough light on the street to enhance the safety of the street users but to avoid over lighting the area. All residential streets shall be designed based on the safety lighting design parameters.

Since June 11, 1979, the City policy has been not to continuously light residential streets. Only "partial" or "safety" lighting is provided. All streetlights on residential streets will be installed in conformance with the following basic guidelines.

     At Intersections with Other Residential Streets:

In order to provide lighting within the conflict area of two residential streets, a light pole will be installed on one corner of an intersection or opposite the intersection in the case of a T-intersection. (See Figure 1a)

     On the Same Side as the Sidewalk:

Streetlights should generally be installed on the same side of the street as the sidewalk unless there are significant utility or storm sewer conflicts. Any variance from this practice should be approved by the engineer or project manager.

     Near Intersections with Another Pole Oriented in a Different Direction:

Where an intersection between two local streets has a light pole located at the corner but the luminaire is oriented toward the direction of the primary local street, a second light pole may be located on the secondary local street oriented in the direction of its centerline as long as the light pole is installed greater than 50’ from the back of curb line on the primary local street extended, and it is not on the same corner as the light oriented toward the primary street. (The primary street is the street that is expected to have the higher traffic volume.)

With intersections of local streets with thoroughfare or collector streets, carry the continuous lighting of the thoroughfare or collector street through the intersection. Install a post top light at the intersection oriented toward the local street.

Figure 1a

Figure 1b

     Within Cul-de-Sac Bulbs:

A light pole will be installed within the cul de sac bulb when the cul-de-sac street is longer than 200 feet measured from the intersection of the intersecting streets to the center of the cul-de-sac bulb. (See Figure 2)

Figure 2

     At Changes of Roadway Alignment:

A light pole will be installed at changes of alignment of 60° or more which are 200 feet or more from an intersection, measured from the intersection of the local street centerlines, to the middle of the curve radius along the centerline of the local street, (See Figure 3)

Figure 3

     Mid-block Streetlights:

A minimum number of mid block streetlights will be installed in order to achieve a desired pole spacing of approximately 250 feet. The maximum spacing between lights should not exceed 280 feet and the minimum spacing between lights should not be less than 225 feet unless otherwise approved by City staff. Lights should desirably be located on or near a property line and not in front of window lines if avoidable.

Intersection Lighting:

Intersections pose the highest conflict area for both vehicles and pedestrians. Therefore, the light levels should be higher for intersections than each individual street. The illuminance method, rather than the luminance method is the recommended design for intersection lighting. The following design criterion has been established for the illumination at street intersections on streets with continuous lighting.

     Intersection Lighting for Continuously Lighted Streets:

Table 3: Illuminance Criteria for Intersections with Continuous Lighted Streets

Functional Street Classification	Average Maintained Illumination at Pavement by Pedestrian Area Classification, (Lux) / (Fc)			Uniformity Ratio (Eavg:Emin (Max Allowable)
	High	Medium	Low
Thoroughfare / Thoroughfare	34.0 / 3.4	26.0 / 2.6	18.0 / 1.8	3.0:1
Thoroughfare / Collector	29.0 / 2.9	22.0 / 2.2	15.0 / 1.5	3.0:1
Thoroughfare / Local	See Note 2	See Note 2	See Note 2	See Note 2
Collector / Collector	24.0 / 2.4	18.0 / 1.8	12.0 / 1.2	4.0:1
Collector / Local	See Note 2	See Note 2	See Note 2	See Note 2
Local / Local	See Note 1	See Note 1	See Note 1	See Note 1

Note 1: Intersection lighting analysis is not required for these types of intersections. The criterion is satisfied if a post top light is placed at each intersection per Figure 1a.
Note 2: Intersection lighting analysis is not required for these types of intersections. The criterion is satisfied if a post top light is placed at each intersection per Figure 1b in addition to any continuous lighting that may be required.

The intersection lighting grid for intersections on continuously lighted streets is defined as the quadrilateral whose adjacent sides intersect at the midpoint of the curb radii at the back of curb (See Figure 4). The amount of light should be proportional to the classification of the intersecting streets and be equivalent to the sum of the values used for each separate street. If an intersecting street is illuminated above the recommended value, then the intersection illumination value should be increased proportionately. Intersections of collector and thoroughfare streets with local streets should be illuminated according to Table 3 above since criteria has not been established for continuously lighting local streets. Point spacing for calculating illuminance within the intersection lighting grid should be 5-foot maximum.

Figure 4

The LED class at intersections of identical functional street classifications (e.g. Thoroughfare / Thoroughfare) shall use the same LED class all the way around the intersection.
The LED class on thoroughfare intersection approaches which have more than one turn lane shall increase the LED class by one LED class more than the roadway segment analysis through the length of the turn bay on the side of the turn lanes only. This occurs outside the area of the intersection analysis.

Roundabout Lighting

Horizontal Illuminance Recommendations

In order to adequately address the visibility of the roadway, pedestrians, and hazards through a roundabout, all roundabouts will be provided with lighting. The horizontal lighting levels used for the design of the roundabout lighting will be equal to the lighting levels used for intersections included in Table 2, for streets that are not continuously lighted or Table 3, for streets that are continuously lighted. In addition to these horizontal requirements there are also vertical requirements in the crosswalks if they are present.

Vertical Illuminance Recommendations

It is recommended that the averge vertical illuminance for a series of points 5 feet in height, along the centerline of the crosswalk extending to the edge of the roadway, spaced at 1.65 feet, for each driving direction, be equal to the required horizontal illuminance and uniformity for the roundabout in either Table 2 or Table 3 as applicable.

Pole Placement Recommendations

Pole placement is critical in creating good visibility in a roundabout. It is recommended that streetlight poles be placed around the perimeter of the roundabout at locations on the approach side of the crosswalks, if present.

Perimeter Pole Placement

Calculation Grids

The calculation grid for the horizontal illuminance in a roundabout should include the area immediately before the splitter islands (at the start of the gore) and then throughout the roundabout. Central islands need not be included in the horizontal illuminance calculation. The grid spacing should be no greater than 6.6 feet. The calculation grid for the vertical illuminance in the crosswalk portion of a roundabout should include a series of points 5 feet in height, centered in the crosswalk, spaced at 1.65 feet, for each driving direction. The vertical illuminance calculation should be performed toward the direction of an approaching driver at 5 feet height above the roadway at a distance of one safe sight stopping distance as determined by the roundabout speed.

Horizontal Calculation Grid

Vertical Calculation Grid

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Design Criteria:

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Streetlighting Installation Determination:

The following information has been established for all City-owned and maintained streetlighting systems installed in public right-of-way. The following explains when streetlighting will be installed. Additional information is contained in City of Overland Park Streetlighting Resolution No. 4036, A Resolution Establishing Policy for City-Owned Streetlighting, and the Overland Park Municipal Code Chapter 13.10.

Local Residential Streets:

There are four main distinct scenarios identified in which streetlights will be considered for installation. They are:

1. Streets with existing City-owned streetlights,
2. Streets that do not have any streetlighting,
3. Streets that have streetlighting that was purchased from Kansas City Power and Light (KCP&L), and
4. New streets that are being constructed either through the City’s Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) or by developers.

     Residential Streets with Existing City-owned Streetlighting:

Where street plans were approved prior to February 7, 2011, the City will replace or modify the existing streetlighting system with a new streetlighting system meeting the current streetlighting resolution as the street(s) are reconstructed as part of a major residential street reconstruction program. This does not include general pavement rehabilitation programs such as micro-surfacing, chip seal or residential street overlay programs. The City will not consider requests or petitions to upgrade the existing streetlighting system to the current standards unless all other lighting obligations within the City have been met, including replacement of Kansas City Power and Light Company streetlights the City has purchased and streets that currently do not have any streetlighting.

     Residential Streets with no Existing Streetlighting:

Where City streets do not have any existing streetlighting, the City will consider streetlighting using City at Large funds if a petition from over fifty (50) percent of the residences along the street(s) to be lighted is received and verified. Only one signature is allowed per residence on the petition. The City is responsible for receiving and verifying petitions which can be obtained from the Public Works Department. Verified, valid petitions will be listed for Public Works Committee consideration. The Public Works Committee in turn will make recommendations to the City Council for construction of local residential streetlighting consistent with the amount of funds budgeted for that purpose. When requests exceed funding, priority will be given to those local residential streets with the most police reports of nighttime crime and nighttime traffic accidents.

     Residential Streets with Existing KCP&L Streetlighting that was Purchased:

Where City streets have streetlighting that was purchased from Kansas City Power and Light Company, the City will annually prepare plans to remove existing streetlighting systems and replace them with current standard City-owned streetlighting systems as funding levels permit. The City staff will determine the street(s) that will be included in the annual streetlighting replacement project based on the streetlighting master plan. The project limits will be presented to the Public Works Committee for consideration. The Public Works Committee in turn will make recommendations to the City Council for final design and construction approval consistent with the amount of funds budgeted for that purpose.

     New Residential Streets

Where street plans were approved on or after February 7, 2011, the developers are required to install streetlights on all local residential streets which have street plans approved in accordance with Overland Park Municipal Code Chapter 13.10.050

Appropriate City staff shall have authority in determining the extent and phasing of streetlight construction, including the location of any applicable streetlight control centers that best fit into the overall master plan for future expansion of lighting circuits.

Collector Streets:

There are three main distinct scenarios identified in which streetlights will be considered for installation. They are:

1. Streets with existing City-owned streetlights,
2. Streets that have streetlighting that was purchased from Kansas City Power and Light (KCP&L), and
3. New streets that are being constructed either through the City’s Capital Improvement Plan (CIP) or by developers.

     Collector Streets with Existing KCP&L Streetlighting that was Purchased:

Where City streets have streetlighting that was purchased from Kansas City Power and Light Company, the City will annually prepare plans to remove existing streetlighting systems and replace them with current standard City-owned streetlighting systems as funding levels permit. The City staff will determine the street(s) that will be included in the annual streetlighting replacement project based on the streetlighting master plan. The project limits will be presented to the Public Works Committee for consideration. The Public Works Committee in turn will make recommendations to the City Council for final design and construction approval consistent with the amount of funds budgeted for that purpose.

     Collector Streets with Existing City-owned Streetlighting:

Where street plans were approved prior to February 7, 2011, the City staff may initiate streetlighting requests for these types of streets via the City's Capital Improvements Program (CIP) which is reviewed and updated annually. Approved collector streetlighting projects are normally listed in the Budget.

     New Collector Streets:

Where street plans were approved on or after February 7, 2011, developers are required to install streetlights on all such types of streets which have street plans approved in accordance with the Overland Park Municipal Code Chapter 13.10.050

Appropriate City staff shall have authority in determining the extent and phasing of streetlight construction, including the location of any applicable streetlight control centers that best fits into the overall master plan for future expansion of lighting circuits.

Thoroughfare Streets:

There are two main distinct scenarios identified in which streetlights will be considered for installation. They are:

1. New City-owned streetlights, and
2. Streets that have streetlighting that was purchased from Kansas City Power and Light (KCP&L).

     New Thoroughfare Streets:

The City staff may initiate thoroughfare streetlighting requests for this type of street via the City's Capital Improvement Program. Approved primary thoroughfare streetlighting projects are normally listed in the Budget.

     Thoroughfare Streets with Existing KCP&L Streetlighting that was Purchased:

Where City streets have streetlighting that was purchased from Kansas City Power and Light Company, the City will annually prepare plans to remove existing streetlighting systems and replace them with current standard City-owned streetlighting systems as funding levels permit. The City staff will determine the street(s) that will be included in the annual streetlighting replacement project based on the streetlighting master plan. The project limits will be presented to the Public Works Committee for consideration. The Public Works Committee in turn will make recommendations to the City Council for final design and construction approval consistent with the amount of funds budgeted for that purpose.

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Streetlighting Installation Determination:

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Design Considerations:

Before initiating the design of a streetlighting system, the designer should contact the City staff to discuss the specific design criteria for the project and determine the scope of the project. Decisions should be made in regard to the functional roadway classification and pedestrian conflict area as well as the type of equipment that will be used in the design. The following is a brief summary of general design considerations.

Establish the Lighting Design Criteria:

All streetlighting designs for collector and thoroughfare streets shall be done in accordance with the Continuous Streetlighting Design Criteria, as already discussed.

From the Design Criteria Table, select the row corresponding to the functional roadway classification (Major or Collector). Then select the row corresponding to the pedestrian conflict area (High, Medium or Low). Follow this row across the table to determine the maintained average luminance, average to minimum luminance uniformity ratio, maximum to minimum luminance uniformity ratio and veiling luminance ratio to be achieved in the design.

Before any design is initiated, the designer should discuss the functional roadway classification and the pedestrian conflict area classification with City staff. The pedestrian conflict area should be based on the City of Overland Park’s Future Development Master Plan and the functional roadway classification should be based on the City of Overland Park Official Street Map.

Design calculations, indicating the design pole spacing, should be submitted with supporting data to verify that the proper light levels have been achieved.

Light Loss Factor:

After the initial installation of the streetlighting system, the light output continues to decrease over time due to many external factors. The result of the time-dependent depreciation effects must be considered in the initial design. The lighting design is based on a specific lighting level that should always be maintained at the end of the maintenance period. Therefore, the initial lighting in the field will always be brighter than required.

The light loss factor (LLF) is a multiplying factor included in the calculations to account for factors which change in time after the initial installation of the streetlighting system. This factor is the product of many other individual factors such as the maintenance factor, lamp lumen depreciation, luminaire dirt depreciation, equipment factors, etc. The LLF is multiplied by the initial lumen rating of the light source to determine the number of maintained lumens in the design. The LLF that should be used for all high pressure sodium (HPS) City streetlighting systems is 0.81. The LLF that should be used for all LED City streetlighting systems is 0.91.

Luminaire Selection:

The luminaire selection should be based on the type of street as well as the ability to meet the lighting criteria and maximize the pole spacing. All luminaires used on collector streets and thoroughfare streets shall be LED cobrahead style. All luminaires on residential streets shall still be high pressure sodium (HPS).
NOTE: The City has multiple LED cobrahead fixtures on their approved list that may yield slightly different lighting results. For design calculations, the Leotek fixtures should be used for all street and area classifications. As of April 12, 2022, the use of American Electric Autobahn fixtures for design calculations is suspended due to discontinuation of the approved product. The IES photometric files can be found on the City's Approved Materials List.

     Luminaire Classifications for Collector and Thoroughfare Streets:

In general cobrahead LED luminaires are rated as Class A through Class E depending on their ability to light a particular type of roadway and cross section. An approximate comparison between the different classes of LED luminaires and HPS luminaires is as follows:

Class A LED – approximately equivalent to a 400W HPS

Class B LED – approximately equivalent to a 310W HPS

Class C LED – approximately equivalent to a 250W HPS

Class D LED – approximately equivalent to a 150W HPS

Class E LED – approximately equivalent to a 100W HPS

One of the reasons the City has moved toward LED luminaires is to reduce the long term cost of electrical charges. Therefore, the lowest class of LED luminaire should be used in the design that satisfies the given lighting criteria. The designer should consult with the City’s project manager at the early stages in design to verify the proper fixture to use based on appropriate calculations

     Luminaire for Residential Streets:

All luminaires on residential streets shall be a post top mounted fixture with a retrofit LED lamp.

Street Width:

The street width is the distance between back of curb. On divided roadways, the street width is measured from the outside back of curb to the back of median curb. The median is not included in the calculation grid.

Pole Locations:

Pole locations will vary depending on the type of street. Residential streets, collector streets in residential neighborhoods, collector streets in commercial areas, undivided thoroughfare streets, and divided thoroughfare streets will all have different design challenges. In addition to the pole location criteria already discussed for residential streets, there are additional pole location preferences that should be kept in mind. Each of the pole location preferences will be further discussed as follows.

     Pole Location Preferences on Residential Streets:

Sidewalks are generally only constructed on one side of residential streets. Since the streetlights do provide some residual benefit of lighting the sidewalk and enhance pedestrian safety, the first choice for locating the streetlight poles should be on the sidewalk side of the street.

As long as there is a minimum of a 4’ grass parkway between the back of curb and the sidewalk, the poles should desirably be located in the grass parkway. The minimum distance from the back of curb to the center of the streetlight pole should be 3’. If a 3’ pole setback cannot be achieved, consideration should be made to move the sidewalk adjacent to the curb, at least near the vicinity of the pole, and locate the pole 1’ behind the sidewalk.

If streetlight poles cannot be located on the sidewalk side due to storm drainage, utility conflicts or right-of-way considerations, the poles may be moved to the other side of the street. The 3’ minimum setback from the back of curb to the center of the pole should still be maintained.

Poles located at the intersection of residential streets should desirably be placed so the light pole can be used to mount stop, yield and street name signs. That means that they should be installed as near to the location where a vehicle should stop while maintaining a minimum of 3’ setback from the back of curb.

All poles installed in residential areas should ideally be located on or near property lines whenever possible. In the case of larger lots, poles cannot always be located on the property line. In these cases, in order not to exceed the maximum desired pole spacing, poles can be located within the lot. The designer should take care not to locate the pole in front of large windows of houses.

Any pole located near a residential drive entrance should be located a minimum of 3’ from the edge of the drive or concrete wing. The designer should always be careful not to mount a pole in a location that could be in the path of an errant vehicle that may be backing out of the driveway. An example would be on a curved drive entrance.

The designer should also coordinate the location of all poles with existing trees, such that the fixture does not extend into the tree canopy or such that the tree canopy does not block the light output from the fixture.

     Pole Location Preferences on Collector Streets:

Collector streets generally have sidewalks on both sides of the street and are typically undivided roadways. Poles should be located on one side of the street which has the least conflicts with utilities.

As long as there is a minimum of a 4’ grass parkway between the back of curb and the sidewalk, the poles should desirably be located in the grass parkway. The minimum distance from the back of curb to the center of the streetlight pole should be 3’. If a 3’ pole setback cannot be achieved, consideration should be made to move the pole 1’ behind the sidewalk. Longer bracket arms can be used to accommodate poles located behind the sidewalk.

Any pole located near a residential or commercial drive entrance should be located a minimum of 3’ from the edge of the drive or concrete wing. The designer should always be careful not to mount a pole in a location that could be in the path of an errant vehicle that may be backing out of the driveway. An example would be on a curved drive entrance.

The designer should also coordinate the location of all poles with existing trees, such that the fixture does not extend into the tree canopy or such that the tree canopy does not block the light output from the fixture.

Occasionally collector streets will be constructed with a raised median the entire length or possibly on the approach of an intersection. Poles can be located within the median with luminaires mounted at 180° to each other in order to provide lighting on each side of the median.

Where collector streets are designed with more than two lanes, such as in commercial areas where the roadway widens out to include multiple through lanes and turn lanes, it may be necessary to light the street from both sides in order to achieve the required lighting criteria. The desired pole arrangement in this case would be staggered across the street.

     Pole Location Preferences on Undivided Thoroughfare Streets:

On undivided thoroughfare streets, the light poles will generally be located on one side of the roadway, usually due to overhead power lines on the other side. The side selected to locate the poles on should be based on conflicts with overhead and underground utilities. Where situations allow, consideration should be given to a staggered arrangement if that provides the best lighting.

At approaches to intersections, where the roadway widens out to include turn lanes, it may be necessary to light the street from both sides in order to achieve the required lighting criteria. The desired pole arrangement in this case would be staggered across the street.

     Pole Location Preferences on Divided Thoroughfare Streets:

Streetlight poles with two luminaires oriented 180° apart should be located in the center of raised medians in the case of divided thoroughfares. It is acceptable to locate streetlight poles in medians measuring a minimum of 4’ from back of curb to back of curb, since all poles will be mounted on breakaway supports.

If the center median is depressed instead of raised, the poles should be located on the outside curb lines. The minimum distance from the back of curb to the center of the streetlight pole should be 3’. The arrangement of poles on the outside edges would preferably be staggered, but will vary depending on how wide the median is and how many lanes are in each direction.

At approaches to intersections, where the roadway widens out to include multiple turn lanes, it may be necessary to light the street from both sides in order to achieve the required lighting criteria. The pole arrangement may be staggered to the median, opposite the median or staggered across the street, which ever provides the overall best lighting levels and pole spacing.

Overhead Utility Line Clearance Requirements:

Overhead power lines or lower hanging cable lines should not be in contact with streetlight poles or luminaires. A minimum of 3’ horizontal and vertical clearance shall be maintained from any non-electric lines such as cable TV lines, aerial fiber lines, etc. Vertical and horizontal clearance to electric power lines shall be in accordance with KCP&L requirements and varies according to the line voltage. For lower voltage lines, the vertical and horizontal clearance should be in accordance with KCP&L Code Requirements DWG 130.1-12. The designer shall be responsible to determine if adequate clearance can be achieved and make adjustments to the pole locations or coordinate utility relocation if necessary. Whenever the vertical or horizontal distance from the nearest line to the pole or luminaire is less than 10’, KCP&L requires the line to be sleeved temporarily during the pole erection. The contractor will be required to contact KCP&L and coordinate the time the sleeves are necessary and to pay KCP&L a fee for their services.

Conduit Location Preferences:

All electrical cable for streetlight circuits shall be installed in conduit continuous from appurtenance to appurtenance. An appurtenance is defined as a pole, junction box, service box or control center.

On residential and collector streetlighting designs or undivided thoroughfare designs, it is desirable to run the electrical conduit in a straight line from pole to pole or pole to junction box. Desirably, the conduit should be located in the grass parkway between the back of curb and the sidewalk. In case of conflicts, the conduit may be located under the sidewalk as long as the conduit sweeps out from underneath the sidewalk to enter junction boxes and poles. Conduit installed parallel to the street should not be installed under the roadway or curb. Conduit should be installed under the street only when crossing from one side to the other.

On divided thoroughfare projects, where poles are located in the medians, the conduit location depends on the width of the median and whether the median consists of a concrete base with brick pavers or if the median consists of grass and/or landscaping. The design layout should indicate which of the “Miscellaneous Conduit Details” applies to each streetlight pole. The various “Miscellaneous Conduit Details” are shown on the General Notes and Legend Sheet in the Standard Details. Theses details should be consulted while reviewing the following discussion which outlines both situations.

     Brick Paver Medians:

When the median is a concrete base with brick pavers, the conduit should be installed near the centerline of the median and run in a straight line from pole to pole. At intersections, conduit runs from median nose to median nose should be offset slightly so it is not directly under the proposed object marker sign post that will be located directly behind the concrete median nose. This allows the sign post to be driven into the ground at the correct location without damaging the conduit.

     Grass or Landscaped Medians:

When the median consists of grass or landscaping, the conduit should be shown to be installed 3’ behind the median curb and swept into the center of the median at each streetlight pole location. This allows the median to be landscaped between streetlight poles without the danger of cutting the conduit or cable in the future. Conduit runs from median nose to median nose should be offset slightly so it is not directly under the proposed object marker sign post that will be located directly behind the concrete median nose. This allows the sign post to be driven into the ground at the correct location without damaging the conduit.

Conduit crossing the header between brick paver medians and grass medians should transition from the center of the median under the brick pavers, to within 3’ from the back of the median curb.

     Grass Parkways:

When the streetlights are installed in the grass parkway between the curb and sidewalk, the streetlighting conduit should sweep from the streetlight pole to the front edge of the sidewalk. This allows the grass parkway to be clear for the planting of street trees.

     Parallel Circuits:

Parallel circuits are described as multiple circuit cables in the same conduit or circuit cables in separate conduits that are adjacent to each other.

Parallel circuit cables shall not be allowed to enter any streetlight pole foundation such that one set of circuit cables is connected to the streetlight(s) and the other circuit cables are "passed through" the pole or be routed around a pole within the same conduit. Parallel circuits shall not extend past the first pole from the controller cabinet and shall be split out in different directions at a junction box in advance of that first pole.

Two 2” parallel conduits should be installed from the streetlight control center foundation to the Type 2 junction box immediately adjacent to the control center. Each conduit is able to carry two circuits (total of 6 cables) without exceeding the 40% fill.

     Coordination with Traffic Signals at Intersections:

At signalized intersections, the streetlighting conduit should tie into the traffic signal service box located near the median nose. The streetlighting cable should be located in the traffic signal conduit runs around the intersection instead of continuing directly from median nose to median nose through the center of the intersection.

Junction Box Locations:

Junction boxes should be installed whenever a branch circuit enters the main circuit. The junction box is used as a splice point for the cables that control the same circuit, as a future splice point for a branch circuit, or a pass through to facilitate ease of cable pulling. The following conditions in which junction boxes should be installed are described in more detail below.

     Proposed or Future Branch Circuit at Intersections:

When streetlights are installed along one side of the street, as on residential streets, collector streets or undivided thoroughfare streets, one junction box should be installed at each intersection. The preferred location is on the corner opposite of the streetlight (See Figure 5a). If there is not a proposed or future branch circuit coming into that box, a Type 1 junction box should be used. If a proposed or future branch circuit will enter a box, a Type 2 junction box should be used. If a branch circuit, or proposed future branch circuit, ties into the main line circuit on the same corner the streetlight is located, the Type 2 junction box should be located on the same corner instead of on the opposite corner (See Figure 5b). Junction boxes should not be installed on both sides of a street crossing.

Figure 5a - No Branch Circuit

Figure 5b - Branch Circuit

     Median Noses at Divided Thoroughfare Street Intersections:

At unsignalized thoroughfare intersections where the streetlighting conduit runs from median nose to median nose, Type 1 junction boxes should be installed in each median nose. If a branch circuit or future branch circuit will tie into the mainline cable, a Type 2 junction box should be used in the median nose at the point of the branch circuit connection. In the case of a future branch circuit, the conduit should be installed across the thoroughfare lanes and terminated in a Type 1 junction box on the corner for future connection. A 1c#10 AWG locating cable should be installed in the, otherwise empty, conduit.

In the case of a signalized intersection, there would most likely be a traffic signal service box located in the median. The streetlighting cable should be installed in the traffic signal conduit and not median nose to median nose. The streetlighting conduit would be terminated at the service box.

     Connecting into Existing Circuits:

Junction boxes should be used to tie into an existing circuit when it is not feasible to extend the proposed conduit to the next streetlight pole. This may happen at the boundary of a construction project. In those cases, the existing streetlighting cable should be field located during construction and a junction box should be installed over the top. The cable splice from new to existing should be accomplished in the junction box.

     At the End of Platted Streets Between Building Phases:

Many times on developer constructed projects, the last streetlight pole does not end up at the end of the street section. In these cases, it is acceptable to install a Type 1 junction box at the end of the street so the conduit can be easily extended on the next building phase. Care should be taken to prevent the proliferation of junction boxes. The designer should plan accordingly to eliminate junction boxes whenever possible.

Streetlight Control Centers:

Streetlight control centers are pre-wired cabinets with relays, breakers, etc. that control when the streetlights receive electricity based on built-in photo controls. Each control center will require a photo cell to energize the streetlighting circuits. Power is provided to the individual streetlight poles only when it is dark enough to close the contact in the photo cell. Otherwise, there is no power in the system. This is a safety feature so any excavation work that cuts the cable during daylight hours will not be posed with live electrical power.

The normal design is a four circuit control center. Many times a 4-circuit controller will never control more than two or three circuits. However, every attempt should be made to locate it such that the number of circuits on one control center can be maximized.

Upon the approval of the project manager, a 1-circuit control center may be used. A 1-circuit control center may be applicable as a temporary installation between two building phases where the development master plan indicates that a new control center will be installed in subsequent development phases that will ultimate assume the load. There may also be applications in isolated areas, where it may make sense to install a single circuit controller where there is no possible way to connect to an existing streetlighting circuit or control center. One example is along the border between Overland Park and another city, where a cul-de-sac street extends into a neighborhood from the thoroughfare street. The City staff has the ultimate authority to approve or deny the use of a single circuit control center.

     Streetlight Control Center Locations:

Streetlight control center locations are subject to provisions in City of Overland Park Municipal Code 18.180.070, Item G. A summary of the ordinance outlining the requirements for streetlight control centers and the application to streetlight control centers is provided, herein. The preferred location in order of priority is modified to apply to current practice in the case of streetlight control centers.

           Utility Structure Ordinance:

Any structure located within the public right-of-way shall be located behind the sidewalk and is subject to approval by the City Engineer. When placing utility structures, priority shall be given to finding available utility easements or right-of-way in preferred locations. Preferred locations, as listed in order of priority, are:

1. Properties developed with non-residential uses
2. Thoroughfare landscape/utility easements
3. Street side yards on a corner lot behind the front yard setback, and
4. Front yards within the required side yard setback.

Locating streetlight controllers in rear yards should be avoided. Proper utility easements or streetlight easements shall be acquired if the controller is to be located outside of the right-of-way.

           Outside of Intersection Sight Distance Triangles:

Street light control centers should not be located within the intersection sight distance triangle as defined by A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), latest edition.

           Proximity to Power Source:

The streetlight control center needs to be located within close proximity to the KCP&L power source, whether it is a power pole with a transformer or a ground mounted transformer. KCP&L requires that the distance from the control center to a pole mounted transformer cannot exceed 150’. The distance from the control center to a ground mounted transformer cannot exceed 200’.

           Maximizing Control Center Circuits:

Streetlight control centers have the capacity to operate four independent circuits and should be located such that the number of circuits utilized can be maximized. Ideal locations would be at a 4-leg intersection where one circuit can extend in all the four cardinal directions or at 3-leg intersections where at least three circuits can be utilized.

There will be situations where the voltage drop becomes too great between intersections and a controller has to be located mid-block which will only utilize two circuits. Before arbitrarily determining to install a mid-block circuit, the designer should evaluate all possible alternatives, including the extension of existing circuits on the side streets from existing control centers within the development.

The designer, with the help of the City staff, should evaluate all existing control centers in the vicinity of the project to determine if there are any underutilized controllers that can be relocated to a better location and could still be used to back-feed the existing streetlights. The ultimate goal is to reduce the number of control centers in an area by placing them or relocating them in a more strategic location. This may require some off-site construction work to accommodate.

     Control Center Orientation:

Streetlight control centers shall be oriented such that the photocell always faces to the north or to the east. The plan symbol for the control center shows a concrete pad which always indicates the front side of the cabinet. As you would stand on the pad facing the front of the control center, the photocell is always located on the right hand side of the cabinet. The shaded portion of the triangle in the symbol represents the photocell.

Figure 6

     Circuit Numbering Convention

Circuit numbers will be identified by the principal direction the circuit extends. There are times, especially on residential streets, where the circuit extends in many directions. The principal direction should follow the numbering as listed below.

Circuit number 1 shall always be to the north

Circuit number 2 shall always be to the east

Circuit number 3 shall always be to the south

Circuit number 4 shall always be to the west

Exceptions are if modifying an existing control center which already is configured differently.

See the figure below for additional information regarding controller cabinet and conduit requirements and circuit numbering convention

Connecting Proposed Electrical Cable into Existing Streetlight Poles:

When extending proposed conduit into an existing streetlight pole foundation, several things should be considered in the design. If the pole is mounted to an existing screw-in foundation, the designer should verify with the City project manager that it is new enough to have two conduit entry holes. If it is an older foundation, it may only have one conduit entry. If the existing foundation is concrete, you will not be able to connect a new conduit to extend the circuit. In either the case of an old screw-in foundation with only one conduit entry or a concrete foundation, the designer will have to either install a junction box near the pole to intercept the existing cable/conduit, or replace the foundation with a new screw-in foundation. When connecting the proposed electrical cables to the existing electrical cables in the base of the pole, new fused and un-fused disconnects as well as new multi-tap electrical connectors shall be used. The existing fixture should also be shown to be re-lamped.

Luminaires Located on Combination Traffic Signal/Streetlight Poles:

All luminaires mounted on combination traffic signal/streetlight poles at signalized intersections shall be connected to the streetlighting circuits controlled by the streetlighting control center instead of running off of the traffic signal control center.

Exceptions exist for isolated intersections where there are no surrounding streetlight control centers or streetlighting circuits. In such cases, the 3-1c #4 AWG USE streetlighting cables should be extended to the traffic signal control center for power. In addition, the designer should provide necessary notation to indicate that the multi-tap ballasts in any HPS luminaire should be wired for 120V. If the fixture is LED, the driver should not have to be modified. The luminaires should be equipped with photocells. A 15 amp circuit breaker should be called out to be installed in the secondary service pedestal to isolate the lighting circuit.

Requirements for House Addresses on Equipment:

Streetlight control centers and streetlight poles shall each be assigned a house address. The reasons for doing so and the procedures to accomplish each are discussed below:

     House Addresses for Streetlight Poles:

House addresses are field stenciled on streetlight poles to help maintenance crews respond to lamp outages or maintenance issues when a citizen calls the situation in or if the maintenance crews are being dispatched to take care of a problem. It is a way to call-in and respond to specific problems and the address identifies the exact pole that requires attention.

House addresses are only required for streetlight poles on collector or thoroughfare streets for poles providing 30’ and 40’ mounting heights. House addresses are not required for streetlights on residential streets providing 15’ mounting heights, because the address on the house provides similar information.

During the design, the City staff will provide the specific house numbers to the designer to add to the pole callout nomenclature. The standard practice is to assign an address at each end of the poles located at a median break or intersection. The two addresses are subtracted and the number is divided by one number less than the number of poles. The resulting number is then systematically added to the initial number, beginning with the smallest address and working toward the end. This establishes a uniform numbering system between the median breaks or intersections. Each address should be rounded to the closest numbered address. Pole addresses in a median should always be even numbers. Poles located on the south or east side of the street shall have odd numbered addresses. Poles located on the north or west side of the street shall have even numbered addresses. An example for a divided thoroughfare with the poles located in the center median follows:

Example:

There is a median break on College Boulevard at King and Nieman Road. The 100 block for Nieman is 11100. The 100 block for King is 11300. A streetlight is located in the west median nose at Nieman and is assigned an address of 11108. Another streetlight is located in the east median nose at King and is assigned an address of 11294. Assume that there will be eight poles total between the two median noses.

(11294 - 11108) = 26.6

(8-1)

This is the number that should be added to the initial assigned pole address beginning at the smallest address.

Therefore, the next pole west of Nieman should be (11108 + 26.6) = 11134.6 (Round the address to 11134).

The next pole address would be 11134.6 + 26.6 = 11161.2 (Round the address to 11162).

Continue adding 26.6 to all subsequent non-rounded addresses, and rounding to the nearest even number for each pole.

     House Addresses for Streetlight Control Centers:

Each streetlight control center requires an electrical service address. City staff will provide the control center address to the designer after the designer determines the location and whether Kansas City Power and Light (KCP&L) can provide the necessary 240V power to the proposed location. KCP&L uses the address for billing electrical usage to the City. The City also uses the address to track invoices.

Each address for the streetlight control center shall be followed with an “LC” extension which stands for “Lighting Controller”. The procedure for coordinating with KCP&L is addressed below in “Coordinating Electrical Service with KCP&L”.

     Showing House Addresses on the Plans:

House addresses for the streetlight control center should be shown in the station and offset callout for the pole and also should be the first number designated in each pole callout. For example:

11302-1-4 (8',12") (11134)

Sta 10+23.5, 30.2' Rt

The 11302 represents the control center address; the 1 represents circuit number 1; and the 4 represents the 4th pole on circuit number 1. The 8’ and 12’ represents the luminaire bracket arm length on the left side and the right side, respectively and the 11134 is the assigned house address for the pole.

House addresses for each pole should be shown in parenthesis immediately behind the callout for the controller address, circuit number, pole number and arm length information according to the legend in the Standard Details.

The streetlight control center address should also be shown in a box located in the bottom right hand portion of each plan sheet in which it applies. If poles connected to that control center appear on more than one sheet, the address should appear on the same sheets. If there are poles that are fed from different control centers on one sheet, each control center address should appear on the sheet. The general format of the note should be:

Proposed Streetlight Control Center

Electrical Service Address:

11302 LC College Blvd

The existing address for each control center that is being removed or used in place should also be indicated in a boxed note, replacing “Proposed” with either “Remove” or “Existing”.

Coordinating Electrical Service with KCP&L:

The project manager or designer should perform the initial work to locate the streetlighting control center based on field conditions where there is an existing transformer. The streetlight control center needs to be located within close proximity to the KCP&L power source, whether it is a power pole with a transformer or a ground mounted transformer. In general, KCP&L requires that the distance from the control center to a pole mounted transformer cannot exceed 150’. The distance from the control center to a ground mounted transformer cannot exceed 200’.

KCP&L should be contacted, either verbally or in writing, to verify if power can be obtained at a particular location before a lot of design work is completed. In either case, it is beneficial to send them a plan sheet or meet them in the field. When requesting power, ask if there will be a charge to obtain power at the desired location. KCP&L can generally provide power anywhere, but there may be a significant cost to do so. Ask if there is a better location where they have an existing transformer or sectionalizer that would be better or cheaper to acquire power from. If the control center can be relocated to a better position, make the design change. If not, ask KCP&L to provide an estimate to the City for the cost associated with obtaining power before the design is finalized.

The designer should provide the City a copy of all letter correspondence or email correspondence to KCP&L to insure the necessary procedures are being performed. After KCP&L has agreed to a preliminary power source and location, the project manager or designer should prepare a preliminary plan sheet showing the location of the power pole and the location of the control center with conduit and notes indicating the location where power will be obtained. After the power location has been established, the project manager will then assign an electrical service address to each control center as outlined in the City's Project Procedures Manual, Preliminary Design-Task No. 26 “Coordinate Electrical Service for Traffic Signals and Streetlighting". There you will find the Electrical Service Address Procedures, a form for Electrical Service Application and a sample letter to KCP&L requesting power service.

Removal of Existing Streetlights:

All existing streetlights that will be removed shall be identified on the plan sheets. The exact procedure varies depending on whether the existing streetlights are the ones that were purchased from KCP&L or if they are existing lights that were installed per the City of Overland Park standard details. The procedures for both are explained below:

     Removal of Existing City Owned Streetlights Installed per Overland Park Standard Details:

All existing City owned streetlights shall be shown on the plans. Any existing streetlights that will not be re-used in the final design shall be indicated to be removed by a construction note. The note should include the removal of the pole, luminaire, arm and screw-in foundation. Existing concrete pole foundations should be shown to be removed to a depth of at least 24”. All conduit and cable can be abandoned in place or can be removed at the option of the contractor if it is in conflict with other construction items.

     Removal of Existing Streetlights Purchased from KCP&L:

All existing streetlights shall be shown on the plans. The City will determine which lights should be designated to be removed. The designer shall indicate any pole not to be re-used as “Existing Streetlight to be Removed by Others”. The City of Overland Park or their on-call representative will remove the poles and not the project contractor.

Each pole purchased from KCP&L has a PK number designated with a sticker, such as PK-1423. The designer should indicate the proper PK number on the plans next to the pole.

City staff will coordinate with their on-call representative for the removal of the lights following the City's Project Procedures Manual, Phase II-Preliminary Design, Task 26b "Coordinate Removal of Streetlights Purchased from KCP&L" during the design process and Project Procedures Manual, Phase V-Construction-Task 11a "Coordinate Removal of Streetlights Purchased from KCP&L" during the construction phase. The process involves writing the on-call representative to provide them a list of poles that are scheduled to be removed. The on-call representative will submit a cost estimate to perform the work which needs to be approved by the Director of Public Works. After approval, the project manager will coordinate the removal with the on-call representative and notify in an attempt to keep the lights operational as long as possible before being removed. A letter will then be sent to KCP&L instructing them to remove the lights from their database and revise their monthly billing.

Voltage Drop Calculations:

Voltage drop is an important factor in determining how many luminaires can be placed on any circuit. The voltage drop in any electrical circuit is directly dependent upon current and wire resistance.

     Permissible Voltage Drop:

The permissible voltage drop is the allowable voltage drop across an entire circuit of a specific system voltage. This is generally limited to what the fixture can handle.

With the constant wattage ballast, the permissible voltage drop is five percent of the system voltage. A factor of 0.95 is to be applied to the system voltage to allow for line fluctuations. This results in an allowable drop of 11.4 volts for a 240-volt circuit.

Example:

Perm Voltage Drop = System Voltage x 5% Drop x 0.95 line fluctuation factor

= 240 x 0.05 x 0.95

= 11.4 volts

     HPS Fixture Operating Current:

Operating current is determined using 95 percent of the system voltage to allow for line fluctuations. In addition, the lamp wattage is increased by a factor of 1.3 to allow for ballast load. The formula for power is P = V x I and the formula for current is I = P / V.

The operating amps for each luminaire are based on the wattage of the lamp used.

Operating Amps =      1.3 x Wattage                            

Voltage x Line Fluctuation Factor

Operating Amps = 1.3 x Wattage

240 x 0.95

The following operating amps should be used in the design calculations for HPS fixtures:

HPS Fixture Operating Amps
400 Watt	310 Watt	250 Watt	150 Watt	100 Watt
2.3 Amps	1.8 Amps	1.4 Amps	0.9 Amps	0.6 Amps

     LED Fixture Operating Current:

Operating current is determined using 95 percent of the system voltage to allow for line fluctuations. Since LED fixtures have a driver instead of a ballast, there is no multiplier for ballast loss. The formula for power is P = V x I and the formula for current is I = P / V.

The operating amps for each luminaire are based on the wattage of the lamp used.

Operating Amps =                Wattage                            

Voltage x Line Fluctuation Factor

Operating Amps = Wattage

240 x 0.95

LED fixtures in the same class have different wattages based on the manufacturer. The values shown in the following table are based on the worse case scenario for approved LED fixtures in each luminaire classification and should therefore be used in the voltage drop calculations:

LED Fixture Operating Amps
Class A	Class B	Class C	Class D	Class E	Residential LED Lamp
0.9 Amps	0.8 Amps	0.6 Amps	0.4 Amps	0.2 Amps	0.2 Amps

     Cable Circular Mils:

A circular mil is a unit of area used when denoting the cross sectional area of a wire or cable.

1 mil = 0.001 inch

To convert the diameter of a wire to mils: mil = d x 1,000

Example: #4 AWG wire has a diameter of 0.2043037 inches.

0.2043037 inches x 1,000 = 204.3037 or 204 mils

CM = mil²

Example: Circular mils of #4 AWG wire

CM = (204.3037 mils)²

CM = 41,740

     Calculating Voltage Drop:

According to Ohm's Law the voltage drop in a line is equal to the current in amperes multiplied by the resistance of the line in ohms:

E = I x R

Where:

E = voltage

I = Current (in amperes)

R = Resistance (in ohms)

Since the resistance of a wire conductor is inversely proportional to the cross-sectional area of the wire, increased voltage drops are developed as the wire diameters decrease. The areas of wires in circular mils and the resistance in ohms per 1000 feet that should be used in calculations are shown below for #4 AWG copper cable.

Properties of Stranded Copper Conductors
Cable Size (AWG)	Area (Circular Mils)	AC Resistance (Ohms/1,000 ft)
4	41,740	0.310

The voltage drop in any line is calculated from the formula:

Voltage Drop = 2 x K x Q x I x D

CM

Where:

K = Direct Current Constant (for copper, K = 12.9 ohms)

Q = Aternating Current Adjustment Factor (Q = 1, for all wire less than 2/0 wire)

I = Load, in Ampers

D = Distance from the power supply, in feet

CM = Cross sectional area of cable, in Circular Mills

Voltage Drop = 2 x 12.9 x 1.0 x Operating Amps x Distance

CM

Add 5% to the center to center distance to allow for snaking of the conduit and cable.

Operating amps = the operating amps of one fixture times the number of fixtures at the point of calculation. Transposing this formula, the required area in circular mils can be computed:

Area (circular mils) = 25.8 x Operating Amps x No. of Lamps x 1.05 x Distance

Permissible Voltage Drop

Calculate the circular mils between every fixture in the circuit and add the total number of circular mils to get the total circular mils. Verify that this is less than the circular mils for a #4 AWG cable.

The voltage drop should then be checked using the following equation:

Voltage Drop = 2 x L x I x R as follows:

Voltage Drop = 2 x Distance x Current x Resistance ÷1,000

Where:

L = Distance between lights. Use 1.05 x distance (5% to allow for snaking)

I = Current = operating amps x number of lamps

R = Resistance of cable per 1,000 feet = 0.31 (From above Table, the resistance of #4 AWG wire in ohms/1,000 ft)

If circuit loading or voltage drop requires a larger wire size than a #4 AWG then one or more of the following can be considered:

1. Locate the control center closer to the lighting system
2. Install additional control centers

Note that long runs of parallel circuits should be avoided unless otherwise approved

Example to Determine Necessary Wire Cable Size:

Given: Five 250-watt HPS lamps on a 240-volt circuit spaced at 200, 425, 615, 815 and 1,030 feet respectively, from the control center. There must be sufficient current to operate the first lamp as well as the next four lamps.

1.05 x 200 ft x 1.4 amps x 5 lamps x 25.8/11.4 = 3,327 cir. mils to 1st lamp

1.05 x 225 ft x 1.4 amps x 4 lamps x 25.8/11.4 = 2,994 cir. mils to 2nd lamp

1.05 x 190 ft x 1.4 amps x 3 lamps x 25.8/11.4 = 1,896 cir. mils to 3rd lamp

1.05 x 200 ft x 1.4 amps x 2 lamps x 25.8/11.4 = 1,331 cir. mils to 4th lamp

1.05 x 215 ft x 1.4 amps x 1 lamp x 25.8/11.4 = 715 cir. mils to 5th lamp

Total Area = 10,263 cir. mils.

The calculated circular mils is less than the capacity of a #4 AWG wire (41,740 as shown in the above Table. This calculation will need to be made for each circuit at each streetlight control center.

The voltage drop should then be checked using E = I x R as follows:

Voltage Drop = 2 x Distance x Current x Resistance ÷1,000

Voltage Drop = 2 x Distance x Operating Amps x No. of lamps x Resistance÷1,000

2 x 1.05 x 200 ft x 1.4 amps x 5 lamps x 0.31 ohms/1,000 ft = 0.91 volt drop to 1st lamp

2 x 1.05 x 225 ft x 1.4 amps x 4 lamps x 0.31 ohms/1,000 ft = 0.82 volt drop to 2nd lamp

2 x 1.05 x 190 ft x 1.4 amps x 3 lamps x 0.31 ohms/1,000 ft = 0.52 volt drop to 3rd lamp

2 x 1.05 x 200 ft x 1.4 amps x 2 lamps x 0.31 ohms/1,000 ft = 0.36 volt drop to 4th lamp

2 x 1.05 x 215 ft x 1.4 amps x 1 lamp x 0.31 ohms/1,000 ft = 0.20 volt drop to 5th lamp

Total Drop = 2.81 volts

2.81 volts/(240 volts x .95) = 1.23% which is less than 5%. Therefore it is acceptable

     Calculating Circuit Breaker Ratings:

Circuit breakers are protective devices for over-current conditions. When the current passing through the circuit breaker exceeds a predetermined amount, the breaker trips and opens the faulty circuit. The amount of current required to operate the trip mechanism is referred to as the "trip rating". Proper protection of the circuit requires a breaker with the correct "tripping" current value. This value, "trip rating", can be readily computed by totaling the number of luminaires for each circuit breaker and thereby obtaining the total current being used in the circuit. To prevent unnecessary tripping of the breaker during surges and in-rush currents, the total current is usually multiplied by a factor of 1.3.

Example:Using the previous example: 5 each - 250-watt luminaires require a normal operating current of 5 x 1.4 amps = 7 amps

The line loss load in amperes is added as follows:

14.5 watts/(240 volts x 0.95) + 7 amps = 7.1 amps

The Trip rating = 7.1 amps x (1.3) = 9.2 amps.

The streetlight controller is equipped with standard 30 amp circuit breakers. The circuit breakers can be increased to a 40 amp breaker under heavier loads. For the above example, a 30-amp breaker is more than sufficient.

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Design Considerations:

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Approved Streetlighting Equipment:

The following equipment has been approved for all City-owned streetlighting systems. The following information is provided as a general discussion only and the designer is responsible to review the standard details in the selection of equipment for the streetlighting system.

Streetlight Poles:

The type of pole used is based on the classification of street it will be located on. Poles and mounting heights will vary depending on if it is a residential street, collector street or thoroughfare street.

     Residential Streets:

Poles for residential streets shall be round, tapered aluminum poles for 15-foot mounting heights.

     Collector Streets:

Poles for collector streets shall be round, tapered aluminum poles for 30-foot mounting heights.

     Thoroughfare Streets:

Poles for thoroughfare streets shall be round, tapered aluminum poles for 40-foot mounting heights.

Luminaire Bracket Arms:

For conventional lighting systems, there are several different arm lengths and styles of arms that are used. The various styles and lengths and the appropriate uses for each are summarized below.

     Arm Styles:

Type A luminaire bracket arms consist of a single member arm. Type A arms are used when the length is less than 10’. An exception to this is in applications where one pole has two arms, regardless of the orientation. If one arm is required to be a Type B style, the other arm should also be a Type B style to provide a consistent look, even if the arm is less than 10’ in length.

Type B luminaire bracket arms consist of a two member truss arm design. Type B arms are used when the length is 10’ or greater.

     Arm Lengths:

The length of the bracket arm is dependant upon many factors such as street width, pole location in relation to the curb and the presence of a median. Typical preferences are provided as follows, but the selection of an arm length should be used that enables the designer to achieve the required lighting criteria. Single member bracket arms are available in 6’ and 8’ lengths. Twin member bracket arms are available in 10’, 12’ and 15’ lengths. Only bracket arms of these lengths are used.

           Collector Streets and Undivided 2-Lane Thoroughfare Streets (30’ Mounting Heights):

On typical collector streets that are 36’ wide from back-of-curb to back-of-curb, either a 6’ or 8’ arm is used. Two-lane thoroughfare streets are typically one lane in each direction with a shoulder or bike lane on the sides, resulting in a similar roadway width to typical collector streets. Depending on whether the pole is located behind the sidewalk or in the grass parkway between the sidewalk and the curb, or where the street width becomes wider, such as the approaches to an intersection where additional turn lanes are added, the arm length may need to be increased to 12’ in order to achieve the required lighting criteria.

           Undivided 4-Lane Thoroughfare Streets (40’ Mounting Heights):

On an undivided thoroughfare street, generally 6’, 8’ or 12’ arms are used unless the poles need to be offset farther behind the sidewalk due to utility conflicts or where the street width becomes wider, such as the approaches to an intersection where additional turn lanes are added.

           Divided Thoroughfare Streets (40’ Mounting Heights):

Divided thoroughfares typically have a 24’ wide center median to divide opposing lanes of traffic. On divided thoroughfare streets where the light poles are installed in a raised median, there are a few different arm configurations that are used. In sections where there are no left turn lanes and the median is only separating through lanes of traffic, two 12’ arms oriented 180° apart are used.

Figure 7

Where the median narrows due to the introduction of a left turn lane, a 12’ arm is installed extending over the left turn lane, and an 8’ arm is installed 180° apart extending over the through lanes in the opposite direction.

Figure 8

In some wider sections of thoroughfares, it may be necessary to use twin 15’ arms or a 15’ arm and a 12’ arm in lieu of twin 12’ arms or a 12’ and 8’ arm depending on how wide the median is and how wide the pavement is. When the median is narrower, shorter arm lengths may be used.

On divided thoroughfare streets with depressed medians, where the poles are located on the outside edges of the roadway, the designer may use 8’, 10’, 12’ or 15’ arms depending on what provides the best lighting design with the longest pole spacing. This will depend on the width of the pavement on each side of the median and the overall width of the median.

Luminaires:

The type of luminaire used for the design shall be based on the roadway classification, pedestrian conflict area classification and the light level required:

     Residential Streets:

Luminaires used for residential streets shall be post-top luminaire with retrofit LED lamp meeting the current standard of the City of Overland Park.

     Collector Streets:

Cobrahead luminaires shall be LED roadway luminaires meeting the current standard of the City of Overland Park. They shall be Class C LED’s (250W HPS equivalent), Class D LED’s (150W HPS equivalent), or Class E LED's (100W HPS equivalent).

     Thoroughfare Streets:

Luminaires shall be LED roadway luminaires meeting the current standard of the City of Overland Park. They shall be Class A LED’s (400W HPS equivalent), Class B (310W HPS equivalent), Class C LED’s (250W HPS equivalent), or Class D (150W HPS equivalent).

LED Lamps:

LED lamps shall be (100 watt HPS equivalent) rated at a minimum of 5,000 lumens per the City of Overland Park Approved Materials List.

HPS Lamps:

HPS lamps may be encountered when designing near existing facilities. Use the following to determine the appropriate lumens for each HPS lamp type:

400W HPS lamp is 50,000 lumens (cobra head)

310W HPS lamp is 35,000 lumens (cobra head)

250W HPS lamp is 30,000 lumens (cobra head)

150W HPS lamp is 16,000 lumens (cobra head or post top)

100W HPS lamp is 9,500 lumens (cobra head or post top)

70W HPS lamp is 5,800 lumens (cobra head or post top)

Pole Foundations:

There are two main types of pole foundations that are used depending upon the particular situation. The preferred type is the screw-in foundation. However, concrete foundations may be used in specific situations.

     Screw-in Foundations:

Poles shall generally be installed on galvanized steel screw-in foundations. There are four different types of screw-in foundations that are used for specific pole sizes and configurations according to the standard details.

Type R foundations are used only with residential style 14’ tall poles (OP14 Series).

Type T1 foundations are used only for poles with 30’ mounting heights and arm lengths and configurations for OP301, OP302 and OP303 Series poles.

Type F1 foundations are used for poles with 40’ mounting heights and arm lengths and configurations for OP401 and OP402 Series poles.

Type F2 foundations are used for poles with 40’ mounting heights and arm length and configurations for OP403 Series poles.

     Concrete Foundations:

The use of concrete pole foundations should be limited for special situations where a screw-in foundation is not acceptable. Examples of situations where concrete foundations are acceptable are where subsurface rock is encountered which makes it impossible to use a screw-in foundation; when it is necessary to combine a concrete foundation and a concrete retaining wall; or in parking lot areas where it is desirable use a raised concrete foundation to protect the poles from vehicle bumper damage.

Streetlight Control Center Foundation:

There are two main types of control center foundations that are used depending upon which type of streetlight control center is used. A pad mounted controller foundation for a 4-circuit streetlighting controller is the standard and obviously should be used for 4-circuit controllers. A pad mounted controller foundation for a 1 circuit controller should be used for a 1-circuit streetlighting controller.

Conduit:

Conduit shall be used for all streetlighting circuit cable as well as for electrical service cable. The type and size varies for the particular installation.

     Streetlight Circuit Conduit:

Conduit shall be 2" diameter, gray, high density polyethylene (HDPE), SDR 13.5 unless more than two circuit cables are contained in one conduit. If this is the case, a 3" diameter or larger conduit or two parallel 2" diameter conduits should be used that provides enough room for all the cables while still allowing ease of pulling. (See criteria above for discussion on parallel circuits)

     KCP&L Electrical Service Conduit:

KCP&L has specific requirements for the electrical service conduit. They will accept gray, Schedule 40 PVC conduit in a trenching application. If the conduit will be bored, it has to be SDR 13.5 HDPE (black with red stripes). If the conduit is serving a 4-circuit controller, the size shall be 3”. If the conduit is serving a 1-circuit controller, the size shall be 2” since a 3” conduit will not physically fit into the controller base collar.

Electrical Cable:

They type of electrical cable is dependant on the particular use. There are four main types of cable:

1. Circuit distribution cable,
2. Pole and bracket cable,
3. KCP&L electrical service cable, and
4. Bare copper ground cable.

     Circuit Distribution Cable:

Only #4 AWG copper USE electrical cables are allowable as circuit cables in conduit from appurtenance to appurtenance. Three wires are required for each circuit. One cable is for the system ground and the other two cables are for each hot leg of a 240volt circuit.

     Pole and Bracket Cable:

Only #10 AWG copper THHN/THWN electrical cables are allowable in the streetlight pole, luminaire bracket arm and luminaire.

In situations where HDPE conduit is installed for possible future use, a #10 AWG copper THHN/THWN cable is also used as a locating cable so the conduit can be located in the field.

     KCP&L Electrical Service Power Cable:

The size of cable used for the electrical service cable should be based on voltage drop calculations from the power supply to the streetlighting controller cabinet. It is preferable to keep the controller cabinet as close to the power supply as possible to minimize the voltage drop and the size of the cable. For a 100 Amp service, the minimum wire size is a #2 AWG copper USE electrical cable.

     Locating Cable:

Locating cable inserted into an otherwise empty conduit that is installed for future use shall be 1c#10.

     Solid Copper Ground Cable:

A bare solid copper #6 AWG ground cable is required from the streetlight control center to the adjacent ground rod in order to provide the required grounding according to the National Electric Code.

Junction Boxes:

There are two types of junction boxes used for streetlighting projects according to their size. Where the streetlighting circuit connects to an existing or a future traffic signal, a traffic signal service box is used in place of a junction box. Each type of junction box is used in the following situations.

     Type 1 Junction Box:

Type 1 junction boxes are symbolized by a circle with a “J” in it and are used only where in-line splices are used to pass through the box or where one or two conduits enter the same box as shown below.

Figure 9

     Type 2 Junction Box:

Type 2 junction boxes are symbolized by a square with a “J” in it and are used where branch circuits are connected to the main circuit or where more than two conduits enter the same box as shown below. A type 2 junction box should also be located immediately adjacent to a streetlight control center.

Figure 10

Electrical Connector Kits:

Electrical connector kits consist of multi-tap connectors, and both fused and non-fused breakaway fuse holders and fuses.

     Multi-tap Connectors:

Each circuit consists of three #4 AWG copper USE cables coming into the pole and three #4 AWG copper USE cables coming out of the pole. Each set of incoming and outgoing cables will be connected by a multi-tap electrical connectors as detailed in the Standard Details. Three multi-tap connectors will be required in each pole base regardless of the number of luminaires installed on the pole.

     Breakaway Fuse Holders:

Breakaway fuse holders come as either fused or non-fused. They shall be installed in the base of each streetlight pole so the wires breakaway away free from the pole foundation in case of vehicular impact. Depending on whether you have one or two luminaires on the pole determines how many breakaway fused and non-fused connectors you will have.

1. For single mounted luminaires, each pole will have two fused and two non-fused breakaway connectors.
2. For twin mounted luminaires, each pole will have two non-fused breakaway connectors and four fused breakaway connectors.

     Fuses and Slugs:

Fused breakaway connectors are each supplied with an 8 amp fuse. The non-fused breakaway connectors have a ground slug in place of the fuse.

Streetlight Control Centers:

The City has two types of streetlight control centers that are allowed to be used under specific situations. They are either a single circuit or four circuit control center. Both control centers are designed for a 100 amp service and 240 volt single phase, three wire service. There are limited situations where Kansas City Power and Light Company cannot provide 240 volt service but can provide 208 volt power instead. This will have to be identified on a case by case basis.

Photo Cell:

Every streetlight control center will require a photo cell to control the on/off operation of the system.

Ground Rods and Clamps:

A 5/8” x 10’ ground rod and clamp is required at every control center foundation and at every concrete pole foundation, if a screw-in foundation cannot be installed.

Breakaway Pole Device:

All poles for 30’ and 40’ mounting heights shall be installed on a breakaway pole device. The breakaway device may either consist of four individual breakaway couplings that are installed on each anchor bolt or one frangible breakaway pole base according to the Standard Details. Breakaway pole devices are not required for 14’ residential type streetlight poles or if the light pole is located on a raised concrete base, such as in parking lots, or if the poles is installed on top of a concrete bridge rail.

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Approved Streetlighting Equipment:

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Preparation of Plans:

The plans shall be prepared in accordance with the following guidelines unless otherwise pre-approved by the Engineer. The engineer or project manager shall follow the design review checklist during plan review or design.

Scale:

The preferred plan scale for streetlighting plans is 1”=40’. Two lines of the street plans may be located on the same sheet above and below each other. A scale and north arrow shall be indicated on each plan sheet.

Topography:

The following guidelines shall be followed in the preparation of streetlighting base maps depending on if the design is part of a larger roadway improvement project or if it is a stand-alone streetlighting project.

     Streetlighting Plans as Part of Other Roadway Improvement Projects:

Features affecting lighting design, such as drive entrances and intersections, curb and median lines, storm drainage pipes and inlets, underground and overhead utilities, existing streetlights, existing control centers, existing lighting circuits, existing junction or service boxes and proposed streetlighting system should be shown on the plans with proper symbols as shown in the “Streetlight Legend” on the Standard Details. All existing and proposed trees and landscaping shall be indicated in order to avoid conflict with new streetlight poles. New construction items should be subdued so the streetlighting conduit, poles, boxes, etc. stand out.

All existing and proposed right-of-way, easements, etc. shall be shown on the plans. A centerline shall be shown with stationing for the main roadway as well as the side streets to be able to positively locate the poles. Street names shall be shown for major and minor streets.

House addresses shall be labeled on each lot as well as street names to assist in locating features in the field.

     Stand-Alone Streetlighting Plans:

It is acceptable for plans to be prepared on aerial photography base maps instead of topographical survey base maps on stand-alone streetlighting plans when they are not part of a larger roadway improvement project. In such cases, underground and overhead utilities shall still be indicated on the plans along with existing streetlights, existing control centers, existing junction or service boxes along with the proposed streetlighting system with proper symbols as shown in the “Streetlight Legend” on the Standard Details.

All existing and proposed right-of-way, easements, etc. shall also be shown. It is not necessary to develop a centerline as long as the streetlighting equipment is positively located with dimensions to existing features such as driveways, inlets, fire hydrants, etc. House addresses should be labeled on each lot as well as street names to assist in locating features in the field.

Plan Coordination with Roadway Design:

Lighting plans shall be coordinated with the road, signal, signing plans, etc. to ensure conflicts with other construction features do not exist. The designer needs to become acquainted with features such as existing overhead and underground utilities to avoid conflicts.

Plan Submittals:

There should be a minimum of three plan submittals for every streetlighting project whether it is a stand-alone project or part of a larger roadway project. Plans should be submitted at the Preliminary, Field Check and Final plan stage. The plans will be reviewed in accordance to the Streetlighting Plan Review Checklist as a base.

     Preliminary Plans:

Preliminary lighting plans should show the location of all poles and luminaires symbolized according to the Standard Details so the reviewer can determine proposed lamp wattage and mounting heights; tentative locations of control centers and power supplies; cable routing and junction boxes. It should also show the point by point lighting levels.

On stand-alone projects, a cover sheet should be included that identifies the project location, utility contact numbers, scale and north arrow, table of contents, and signature blocks.

The following information should be included on the General Notes sheet in the plans:

Pedestrian Conflict Area

Functional Street Classification

Luminance Design Criteria (as listed in the Design Criteria Table)

Avg. Maintained Luminance

Avg: to Min. Luminance Uniformity Ratio

Max. to Min. Luminance Uniformity Ratio

Veiling Luminance Ratio

Luminance Design Results (based on actual design spacing)

Avg. Maintained Luminance

Avg. to Min. Luminance Uniformity Ratio

Max. to Min. Luminance Uniformity Ratio

Veiling Luminance Ratio

Illuminance Design Results

Avg. Maintained Illuminance

Avg. to Min. Illuminance Uniformity Ratio

The illuminance design results should be reported for the design pole spacing so the actual results can be field measured and compared to the calculation results.

     Field Check Plans:

Field check lighting plans should show the location of all poles and luminaires, final locations of control centers, power supplies, cable routing and junction boxes. Each pole should be identified according to the “Streetlight Designation” in the Standard Details which includes the control center address (show as XXXX or YYYY if unknown at this stage), circuit number, pole number, arm lengths, and station and offset.

If the streetlighting system cable is running in shared conduit with traffic signal plans, the plans should show the appropriate conduit locations and shall be coordinated with the traffic signal plans. If the proposed lighting circuits will be tied into existing systems, enough detail should be included to be able to ascertain the number of existing lights on the existing circuits in order to verify voltage drop calculations.

Voltage drop calculations shall be submitted at the field check stage in order to verify the calculations. The Standard Details should be included in the field check submittal, including the Bill of Materials sheet. Quantities do not have to be completed at this stage.

     Final Plans:

Final lighting plans should include everything as identified in the field check plans. In addition, the final plans should include pole addresses (supplied by the City) for thoroughfare and collector streets. Pole addresses are not required for residential streetlighting plans. All “Miscellaneous Conduit Detail” references shall be identified for each pole. All control centers shall be shown with electrical service addresses and power sources accurately identified. All construction notes to clarify any construction details shall be shown. All Standard Details, including the completed Bill of Materials shall be included at this stage.

If streetlighting cable is running in proposed traffic signal conduit, identify on both the streetlighting plans and the traffic signal plans under which bid item the conduit and cable will be paid for. If there are combination streetlighting and traffic signal poles, identify whether the poles, luminaires, bracket arms, pole and bracket cable and electrical connectors will be paid for under the traffic signal bid item or the streetlighting bid item.

Depending on the number of comments made on the first submittal of final plans, a second set of final plans may be requested to verify that all comments have been addressed. The project manager will make that determination and convey his decision to the appropriate design staff.

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Preparation of Plans:

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Computation of Quantities:

The computation of quantities is critical to providing accurate information to the contractors bidding the project. Errors in the computation of quantities results in project cost change orders and delays in the project. Care should be taken to check quantities against the plan sheet design to verify that all items are included and accurate. What follows are some general guidelines that should be used such that the computation of quantities is consistent for all designs.

Streetlight Poles and Bracket Arms:

Streetlight poles and associated luminaire arms are always aluminum, unless otherwise specified in the plans or bill of materials. Streetlight poles are quantified per each according to the mounting height with the included bracket arm length and number of bracket arms. For example a 40’ aluminum pole w/ 8’ bracket arm or a 30’ aluminum pole w/ twin 8’ bracket arms.

The pole type should be based on the mounting height, the bracket arm length and the number of bracket arms. Refer to Table 1 – Luminaire Arm, Pole, Shoe Base & Anchor Bolt Data on the Standard Detail sheet “Pole and Luminaire Details” to find the proper OP Designation that is required, such as OP14, OP301, OP402, etc. The pole designation is based on the number and length of the bracket arm as well as the mounting height. For example, a pole with a 40’ mounting height with one 12’ type B bracket arm corresponds to a OP402 series pole designation. The number of each pole type with the proper number and length of bracket arms should be listed in the Bill of Materials.

Combination lighting/signal poles are always steel, including the luminaire arms. If a combination lighting/signal pole is installed in a location where a future traffic signal is being considered, Chart B of the Traffic Signal Bill of Materials should be copied to the lighting sheet and filled out completely. This chart will be used to verify the length of the future mast arm that was considered. The combination lighting/signal pole quantity will include the luminaire bracket arm of the specified length in Chart B.

Pole Foundations:

foundations of the various types should be measured per each for each type used in the design.

     Screw-in Foundations:

Refer to the Screw-in Foundation Detail table on the Standard Detail sheet “Pole Foundation Details” to select the foundation type based on the OP pole series designation. For example, a OP401 pole designation requires an F1 foundation. A OP403 pole designation requires an F2 foundation.

     Concrete Pole Foundations:

When used, they should be measured per each for the various sizes based on mounting heights of 14’, 30’ or 40’. A concrete pole foundation cap should be included for each concrete pole foundation.

Luminaires:

Luminaires should be measured per each according to the type used in the plans.

     Luminaires on Collector Streets:

On collector streets, the cobrahead luminaires shall be LED cobraheads of the specified Class C, D or E as shown in the design.

     Luminaires on Thoroughfare Streets:

On thoroughfare streets, the luminaires shall be LED cobraheads of the specified Class A, B, or C as shown in the design.

     Luminaires on Residential Streets:

On residential streets, fixtures should be post top luminaires, including the LED lamp. When relamping existing post top luminaires, revise one of the lines of text in the Bill of Materials to read “LED Lamp Retrofit” and fill in the quantity of the number of individual lamps required.

Junction and Service Boxes:

Junction boxes and service boxes should be measured per each according to the various types. If the streetlighting conduit and cable ties into a traffic signal service box that is being constructed as part of the project, the service box should be included in the traffic signal Bill of Materials. If the service box is installed in anticipation for a future traffic signal, then it should be included in the streetlighting Bill of Materials. The designer should make it clear on the plans how the measurement and payment will be made.

Control Centers:

Streetlighting control centers should be measured per each based on the type of control center used. Occasionally, an existing control center is relocated to a new concrete foundation. In these instances, revise one of the lines of text in the Bill of Materials to read “Relocate Existing Control Center on New Foundation”.

Concrete Control Center Foundations:

Concrete control center foundations should be measured per each based on the type of control center used. A quantity should also be included for a concrete control center foundation when an existing controller is being relocated on a new foundation.

Ground Rods:

Ground rods should be measured per each. One ground rod should be included for every concrete control center foundation. If a concrete streetlight foundation is used for a particular application, one ground rod should be included for each. Ground rod clamps are subsidiary to the ground rod.

Photo Cells:

Photo cells should be measured per each. One photo cell is required in every new streetlight control center. Relocated control centers will be able to re-use the existing photo cell.

Conduits:

Conduit should be measured per linear foot for each type and diameter used.

     KCP&L Electrical Service Conduit:

Conduit should be measured from the center of the streetlight controller (not the center of the entire pad) to the center of the power pole or transformer plus 4’ to allow for the large radius sweeps at each end. No additional measurement will be made for PVC conduit elbows or conduit fittings.

Example: If the center to center distance is 100’, the conduit length required is 100’ + 4’ = 104’

     1” PVC Conduit for Equipment Ground:

PVC conduit should be provided at each concrete control center foundation and at each concrete pole foundation. Add 3' of 1" PVC conduit at each control center foundation or concrete pole foundation.

     HDPE Conduit:

HDPE conduit should be measured from the center of one appurtenance to the center of another appurtenance plus additional lengths for conduit sweeps. Conduit elbows, conduit fittings or couplings shall be considered subsidiary to the conduit.

• Add 4’ of conduit to the center to center distance between two streetlight poles.
• Add 3’ of conduit to the center to center distance between a streetlight pole and a junction box.
• Add 2’ of conduit to the center to center distance between a streetlight pole and a service box.
• Add 3’ of conduit to the center to center distance between a streetlight control center and a junction box.
• Add 2' of conduit to the center to center distance between two junction boxes
• Add 0' of conduit to the center to center distance between two service boxes

Where poles are mounted on a raised concrete pedestal, such as in parking lots, or on a bridge rail, the conduit length should be increased accordingly based on the height of the raised pedestal or bridge rail.

Example 1: If the center to center distance between poles is 180’, the conduit length required is 180’ + 4’ = 184’

Example 2: If the center to center distance between a pole and a box is 20’, the conduit length required is 20’ + 3’ = 23’

Example 3: If the center to center distance between a pole and a box is 50’, the conduit length required is 50’ + 2’ = 52’

Example 4: If the center to center distance between a control center and a junction box is 5’, the conduit length required is 5’ + 3’ = 8’

Example 5: If the center to center distance between two junction boxes is 70', the conduit length required is 70' + 2' = 72'

Example 6: If the center to center distance between two service boxes is 70', the conduit length required is 70' + 0' = 70'

Cables:

Cable should be measured per linear foot for each type used.

     3-1c #4 USE Distribution Cable:

The measurement for 3-1c #4 USE distribution cable should be per linear foot for the bundle of cable consisting of three wires. Cable should be measured from the center of pole, junction box or control center to the center of pole, junction box or control center. Additional cable quantities are added to account for sweeps, to provide slack and to make connections. The additional length is computed as follows:

• Add 5’ of slack at each pole with a 30’ or 40’ mounting height, mounted on a flush mounted concrete base or screw-in foundation with a breakaway pole device
• Add 4’ of slack at each 14’ pole, mounted on on a flush mounted concrete base or screw-in foundation, since a breakaway pole device is not required.
• Add 5’ of slack at each junction or service box for each circuit contained within.
• Add 5’ of slack at each streetlight control circuit for each circuit contained within.

Where poles are mounted on a raised concrete pedestal, such as in parking lots, or on a bridge rail, the cable length should be increased accordingly based on the height of the raised pedestal or bridge rail. Keep in mind that on a raised concrete pedestal or a bridge rail, there is no need to have a breakaway pole base. Therefore, the height above ground level will have to be adjusted for cable length.

Example 1: If the center to center distance between two streetlight poles with 40’ mounting heights is 180’, the cable length required is 180’ + 5’+ 5’ = 190’

Example 2: If the center to center distance between two 14’ poles mounted on a flush mounted concrete base or screw-in foundation is 200’, the cable length required is 200’ + 4’ + 4’ = 208’

Example 3: If the center to center distance between two junction boxes is 60’, the cable length required is 60’ + 5’ + 5’ = 70’

Example 4: If the center to center distance between a 14’ streetlight pole and a junction box is 20’, the cable length required is 20’ + 4’ + 5’ = 29’

Example 5: If the center to center distance between a junction box and a streetlighting control center is 10’, the cable length required is 10 + 5’ + 5’ = 20’ per circuit.

     1c #10 Pole and Bracket Cable:

The measurement for 1c #10 pole and bracket cable should be measured per linear foot. The length depends on the mounting height of the luminaire, the length and type of bracket arm and the number of luminaires mounted on each pole. Two 1c #10 cables are required for the power to each of the luminaires and one 1c#10 cable is required for the ground to each of the luminaires.

Power Conductors: A 12" to 14" cable surplus in each of the 1c#10 AWG pole and bracket cables is to be provided from the multiple tap connector to the line side of the fuse holder and from the load side of the fuseholder to the luminaire.
Ground Conductor for Single Arm: A 12" to 14" cable surplus in the 1c#10 AWG ground cable is to be provided from the multiple tap connector to the load side of the un-fused fuseholder and from the line side of the un-fused fuseholder to the ground lug at the base of the pole. An additional 24" of surplus cable shall be provided between the ground lug at the base of the pole and the luminaire.
Ground Conductor for Dual Arms: A 12" to 14" cable surplus in the 1c#10 AWG ground cable is to be provided from the multiple tap connector to the load side of the un-fused fuseholder and from the line side of the un-fused fuseholder to the ground lug at the base of the pole. An additional 24" of surplus in each ground cable shall be provided between the ground lug at the base of the pole and each luminaire.

     1c #10 Pole and Bracket Cable (Poles with Single Luminaire):

The total length for the power cables varies depending on the pole series and the bracket arm length. The total length has to be multiplied by two since there are two wires. In the following table “AL” stands for the arm length. Additional cable also has to be added for the ground cable that attaches between the ground lug in the pole and the ground terminal in the luminaire. Each luminaire will have three wires running to it from the base of the pole.

1c#10 Pole and Bracket Cable for Poles with Single Luminaire
Mounting Height	Pole Series	1c#10 (Power)	1c#10 (Ground)	1c#10 (Total)
15'	OP14	30.7'	17.3'	48'
30'	OP301	56.7' + (2 x AL)	30.8' + AL	87.5' + (3 x AL)
30'	OP302	56' + (2 x AL)	30' + AL	86' + (3 x AL)
40'	OP401	77.7' + (2 x AL)	40.8' + AL	118.5' + (3 x AL)
40'	OP402	76' + (2 x AL)	40' + AL	116' + (3 x AL)

     1c #10 Pole and Bracket Cable (Poles with Twin Luminaires):

The total length for the power cables varies depending on the pole series and the bracket arm length. The total length has to be multiplied by four since there are two wires required for each luminaire. In the following table “AL” stands for the arm length. The equations have been set up to accommodate whether both arm lengths are the same or if there are different arm lengths on the same pole. Additional cable also has to be added for the ground cables that attach between the ground lug in the pole and the ground terminal in each luminaire. Each luminaire will have three wires running to it from the base of the pole. (See the Electrical Connector Details, in the Standard Details)

1c#10 Pole and Bracket Cable for Poles with Twin Luminaires
Mounting Height	Pole Series	1c#10 (Power)	1c#10 (Ground)	1c#10 (Total)
30'	OP303	115.3' + (2 x AL) + (2 x AL)	59.3' + AL + AL	174.6' + (3 x AL) + (3 x AL)
40'	OP401	155.3' + (2 x AL) + (2 x AL)	79.3' + AL + AL	234.6' + (3 x AL) + (3 x AL)
40'	OP403	152' + (2 x AL) + (2 x AL)	77.7' + AL + AL	229.7' + (3 x AL) + (3 x AL)

     Electrical Service Power Cable:

The measurement for electrical service power cable should be per linear foot for the bundle of cable consisting of three wires. Cable should be measured from the center of the streetlight control center to the center of the power source. The length of spare cable at the power source depends on whether the power source is a transformer mounted on a wood pole or a ground mounted sectionalizer. Additional cable quantities are added to account for sweeps, to provide slack and to make connections. The additional length is computed as follows:

• Add 5’ of slack at the streetlight control center mounted on a flush mounted concrete base.
• Add 42’ of slack at the base of the wood power pole, if the cable runs from the streetlight control center to a transformer on a wood pole.
• Add 5' of slack at the pad mounted transformer or pedestal, if the cable runs from the streetlight control center to a ground mounted transformer or pedestal.

Example 1: If the center to center distance between the streetlight control center and the wood power pole is 180’, the cable length required is 180’ + 5’+ 42’ = 227’

Example 2: If the center to center distance between the streetlight control center and the ground mounted sectionalizer is 100’, the cable length required is 100’ + 5’ + 5‘ = 110‘

     1c #6 Solid Copper Ground Cable:

The measurement for 1c #6 solid copper ground cable should be measured per linear foot. The required cable length at any streetlighting control center or concrete pole foundation should be 5’.

Electrical Connectors:

Electrical connectors include breakaway non-fused connector kits, breakaway fused connector kits, fuses, and multi-tap streetlight connectors. The quantity at each pole depends on whether there are one or two luminaires on each pole. Quantities should be added at each existing pole where a new circuit is being tied into an existing circuit. The number of each type of electrical connector will be measured as follows:

     One Luminaire per Pole:

• Three multi-tap electrical connectors are required
• Two breakaway fused connector kits are required
• Two 8 amp fuses are required
• One breakaway non-fused connectors with ground “slug” is required

     Two Luminaires per Pole:

• Three multi-tap electrical connectors are required
• Four breakaway fused connector kits are required
• Four 8 amp fuses are required
• One breakaway non-fused connectors with ground “slug” is required

Breakaway Pole Devices:

The measurement for breakaway pole devices should be per each for each breakaway frangible base or per set for a set of four breakaway couplings for every streetlight pole with a 30’ or 40’ mounting height. Breakaway pole devices are not required for 14’ poles or if a pole is mounted on a raised concrete pedestal or bridge rail.

Cable Retainer Devices:

The measurement for cable retainer devices should be per each for each pole foundation type for every streetlight pole with a 14', 30’ or 40’ mounting height. Some screw-in foundations have the cable retainer device integral with the foundation. For purposes of pulling quantities, assume that the cable retainer device is a separate component.

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Computation of Quantities:

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